Active Public Health Outbreaks: Minnesota
Surveillance Report • November 30, 2025
As of late November 2025, Minnesota is navigating a complex public health landscape characterized by a significant resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases and seasonal respiratory pressures. The most acute concern is a statewide Pertussis (Whooping Cough) outbreak reaching levels not seen in over a decade. Simultaneously, persistent Measles activity driven by travel and vaccination gaps continues to challenge containment efforts. While seasonal respiratory virus activity (Flu, COVID-19, RSV) remains currently low, early indicators suggest an upward trajectory typical for the post-Thanksgiving period.
1. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Resurgence
Minnesota is currently experiencing its most severe Pertussis outbreak in eight years. Official data from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) confirms over 2,800 cases reported in the last 12-month cycle, a staggering increase from the 61 cases recorded in 2023.
Contrast in Viewpoints: While public news outlets have focused on the "alarming surge" and school-based clusters, epidemiologists emphasize the cyclical nature of the disease and the role of "waning immunity." The acellular pertussis vaccine, while safer than its predecessor, provides protection that diminishes over time, leaving teenagers particularly vulnerable.
Case Demographics & Distribution
- Total Cases (2024-25 Cycle) 2,814+
- Previous Year Comparison 61
- Primary Hotspot 7-County Metro
- Highest Risk Group Infants (<1 yr)
- Most Cases Group Teenagers (>50%)
2. Measles Activity
Measles activity remains a critical focus for state health officials. Following a significant outbreak in 2024 (70 cases), 2025 has seen continued sporadic clusters, totaling 24 confirmed cases year-to-date. The majority of these infections are linked to unvaccinated individuals traveling internationally to endemic regions and returning to communities with lower immunization rates.
Recent Activity Alert
September/October 2025: A cluster of 10 new cases was confirmed in the Twin Cities metro area. All cases were among unvaccinated individuals, with transmission chains tied to both domestic and international travel.
3. Foodborne Illness Investigations
Burger Restaurant Chain
MDH identified over 10 cases linked to consumption of burgers at Red Cow and Hen House Eatery locations.
Casual Dining Chain
13 cases associated with a specific salad item at Applebee's restaurants. This strain (O111) is rarer than O157.
4. Respiratory & Emerging Threats
Seasonal Respiratory Viruses: As of Week 48 (ending Nov 30, 2025), influenza activity is classified as "Low" but increasing. There have been 67 influenza-associated hospitalizations this season, with 1 school outbreak and 1 long-term care outbreak reported. COVID-19 activity remains low with a case rate of approximately 7.9 per 100,000.
Avian Influenza (H5N1): While H5N1 has been detected in Minnesota dairy cattle and poultry flocks throughout 2024 and 2025, there are no confirmed human cases in Minnesota to date. However, vigilance is heightened following a confirmed human case in neighboring Barron County, Wisconsin, in late 2024. The risk to the general public remains low, with exposure risks primarily limited to agricultural workers.